complex materials represent a novel class of macromolecules exhibiting distinct functional groups positioned along the polymer. Unlike traditional single-chain polymers, these designed systems facilitate a broad spectrum of specialized characteristics, including enhanced binding, responsive respo

Acrylic acid is a water-soluble compound recognized for its unique features. It exhibits excellent binding ability, thickening -enhancing capabilities, and chelating action . These capabilities lead to widespread applications including superabsorbent materials like sanitation items, sewage purif